With just over two weeks to go until departure, I still qualify as little more than an amateur Paraguay enthusiast. However, I thought it might be appropriate to share a little bit of what I've learned about the country during the seven months since I learned I would be moving there! The
CIA world factbook is a good source for basic statistics, and I'm happy to share, on request, additional gleanings from the private reading I did last quarter on the country's agriculture and forestry sectors.
Paraguay is located in central South America, southeast of Bolivia, south of Brazil, and northeast of Argentina. It is a landlocked country of 406,750 square kilometers (a little smaller than California), with two major, navigable rivers (the Paraguay and Parana) on its borders. Located in the subtropics, Paraguay is warm and hot with occasional annual freezes.
The country's population is around 7 million, with roughly 2 million living in or near the capital, Asuncion, and around 40% living in rural areas. Life expectancy is in the early 70s and the literacy rate is 95%, however between a quarter and a fifth of the population lies below the poverty line.
Much of the population is employed in the agricultural sector, but roughly two-thirds of the country's GDP comes from the service sector (especially from the import-export trade and from services provided to employees in large agricultural enterprises). Economic development in the country has generally occurred in the form of boom-and-bust export-driven agriculture, often driven by Argentinian and Brazilian investors. Cotton used to be the country's main cash crop, but today, that position is occupied by soy and, to a lesser extent, beef. Deforestation has been severe, with most of the country's remaining forests having already been high-graded.
From 1954 to 1989, Paraguay was ruled by Alfredo Stroessner, one of the twentieth century's longest-serving dictators. Even after democratic elections were instituted following his removal from office, his party, the Colorado Party, dominated Paraguayan politics. The current president is Fernando Lugo, the leader of the liberal Patriotic Alliance for Change (APC), and the first non-Colorado head of state since Stroessner's fall. Paraguayan civil society and political culture, it seems, are still somewhat dampened as a result of Stroessner's regime.
Paraguay is a unique country in many ways. The state has dual official langauages: Spanish and Guarani, the indigenous tongue spoken by some of the original inhabitants of what is today Paraguay. Though most Paraguayans are mestizos, Guarani is an important component of national identity. The country has also been physically and culturally isolated for much of its modern and contemporary history, so it is less connected to the economies and cultures of the Southern Cone and wider world than its neighbors. My impression, however, is that much of this may change as changes in politics, telecommunications technology, and economic development change Paraguay's relationship with the outside world.
It sounds as though Paraguay is a country of warm and capable people facing a number of challenges, many of them environmental. I'm thrilled to meet my host families and communities there in the months to come and to finally augment the knowledge I've just shared with some "real world" experience in Paraguay.
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Today, I received an e-mail from volunteer in Paraguay who has made
a video about life as a newcomer there. It was great to see images of the country and to hear testimonials from Peace Corps volunteers enjoying themselves there.